Pericardial Effusion In Dogs & Cats

What is pericardial effusion?

• Pericardial effusion is the abnormal accumulation of fluid within the sac surrounding the heart (pericardium).
• There is normally only a very small amount of fluid in that sac to protect the heart and provide lubrication to prevent friction between the moving heart and surrounding organs.
• Pericardial effusion in dogs and cats usually causes fluid accumulation in the belly and causes symptoms of weakness, breathing difficulties, and sometimes collapse.

How is it diagnosed?

• An echocardiogram (ultrasound or sonogram of the heart) by a veterinary cardiologist is the gold standard for definitive diagnosis.
• Physical examination, chest x-rays, electrocardiograms and overall history can also assist in making the diagnosis of pericardial effusion.

What Causes Pericardial Effusion in Dogs & Cats?

• The most common condition is bleeding from a tumor – some are aggressive and some are not.
• If a tumor is seen, consultation with a veterinary oncologist is often recommended.
• Infections and heart failure can also cause fluid to abnormally accumulate in the heart sac.
• Sometimes there is no known cause (idiopathic) – up to two thirds of patients do not have an identifiable cause on initial examination.